2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-167877
    PS-166276
    		Inhibitor
    PS-166276 is a highly potent and less cytotoxic inhibitor of p38. PS166276 has an IC50 of 28 nM at p38 kinase and 170 nM in the THP-1 TNFα assay.
    PS-166276
  • HY-B1204S4
    Histamine-15N3
    		Activator
    Histamine-15N3 is the 15N3-labeled Histamine (HY-B1204). Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-170772
    Dual Cathepsin L/JAK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Dual Cathepsin L/JAK-IN-1 (Compound A8) is a dual inhibitor of Cathepsin L (CTSL) and JAK, with IC50 values of 0.68 μM, 337.1 nM, 5.251 nM, 27.29 nM, and 172.6 nM for CTSL, JAK1/2/3, and TYK2, respectively. Dual Cathepsin L/JAK-IN-1 effectively blocks the activation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, leading to significant anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. Dual Cathepsin L/JAK-IN-1 can be used in research on acute lung injury (ALI).
    Dual Cathepsin L/JAK-IN-1
  • HY-171292
    CK1δ-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    CK1δ-IN-9 (Compound 8) is the inhibitor for casein kinase 1 that inhibits CK1δ with IC50 of 1.4 nM. CK1δ-IN-9 inhibits p38α and p38β with IC50 of 0.25 μM and 0.78 μM. CK1δ-IN-9 exhibits pharmacokinetic characteristics with a good oral bioavailability (70%) and a moderate clearance.
    CK1δ-IN-9
  • HY-N12767
    Salixteroside D
    		Inhibitor
    Salixteroside D is a salicin derivative, that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
    Salixteroside D
  • HY-N2406R
    Dihydrocaffeic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ditalimfos (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ditalimfos. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ditalimfos is an organophosphate fungicide. Ditalimfos is mainly used in agriculture to control fungal diseases of crops. Ditalimfos can be used for fungal resistance studies and risk assessment of residues in the environment.
    Dihydrocaffeic acid (Standard)
  • HY-111431R
    p-Cresyl sulfate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Platycodin D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Platycodin D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Platycodin D is a saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorus, acts as an activator of AMPKα, with anti-obesity property. WNT/β-catenin pathway mediates the anti-adipogenic effect of platycodin D.
    p-Cresyl sulfate (Standard)
  • HY-175841
    Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 is a tau protein phosphorylation inhibitor that potently protects PC12 cells against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity (EC50 = 1.93 μM), and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB).Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 reverses the hyperphosphorylation of tau, significantly inhibits the expression of certain immune-related cytotoxic factors, suppresses the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and significantly inhibits the expression of RAGE and the apoptosis factors Bax/Bcl-2, both in vitro and in vivo. Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 relieves nerve damage, and improves learning and memory in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1 can be used for AD research.
    Tau Protein Phosphorylation-IN-1
  • HY-P11214
    Hydrostatin-TL1
    		Inhibitor
    Hydrostatin-TL1 (H-TL1), a nine-amino-acid peptide, is a TNF-α antagonist. Hydrostatin-TL1 can be isolated from the venom gland of sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus. H-TL1 competitively inhibits the interaction between TNF-α/TNFR1 and attenuates the cytotoxicity and inflammation of TNF-α. Hydrostatin-TL1 can be used for TNF-α-associated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research.
    Hydrostatin-TL1
  • HY-N0576R
    Solanesol (Standard)
    Solanesol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solanesol (HY-N0576). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solanesol is an orally active aliphatic terpene alcohol. Solanesol is mainly found in tobacco and other Solanaceae plants. Solanesol induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression, activates p38 and Akt signaling pathways, and inhibits Apoptosis (reduces caspase-3 and PARP cleavage). Solanesol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Solanesol can be used in the research of Huntington's disease, alcoholic liver disease, chronic inflammatory pain, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder.
    Solanesol (Standard)
  • HY-N11262
    Sudachitin
    		Activator
    Sudachitin, a polymethoxyflavone that can be isolated from Citrus sudachi, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophage-like RAW264 cells. Sudachitin can activate the p38MAPK pathway and inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway in HaCaT cells.
    Sudachitin
  • HY-168567
    RIPK2-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    RIPK2-IN-6 (Compound 15a) is an inhibitor for RIPK, that inhibits the phosphorylation of RIPK2, and thus inhibits the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. RIPK2-IN-6 exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in Dextran sodium sulfate (HY-116282C)-induced mice colitis models.
    RIPK2-IN-6
  • HY-129138R
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) (HY-129138). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride is an anthocyanin. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression and NO production. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3, IκB, ERK, p38, and AKT. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits high pressure-induced decrease in GLAST. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride exerts anti-inflammatory and skin barrier modulating effects. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride can be used in retinal research.
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride (Standard)
  • HY-169703
    SPA0355
    		Inhibitor
    SPA0355 is a thiourea derivative that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SPA0355 inhibits the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) induced osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. SPA0355 also suppresses the activation of the MAPKs, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Additionally, SPA0355 promotes osteoblast differentiation, increases alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances mineral nodule formation. SPA0355 can protect ovariectomized mice from bone loss by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast resorption, making it useful for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    SPA0355
  • HY-N12466
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine
    		Inhibitor
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine (Compound 7) is an inhibitor of protein kinases, with IC50s of 0.092, 0.26, 0.77 μM for PKC-α, ROCK, ASK1. 3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine shows potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM.
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine
  • HY-134000
    Emodic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Emodic acid (NSC624610) is an anthraquinone compound isolated from A. microcarpus, which can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Emodic acid can also inhibit the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK, the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and the expression of VEGF and MMP, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration potential of cancer cells.
    Emodic acid
  • HY-P10072
    MK2-IN-5
    MK2-IN-5 is a Mk2 pseudosubstrate (Ki= 8 μM). MK2-IN-5 targets the protein interaction domain in the MAPK pathway. MK2-IN-5 inhibits HSP25 and HSP27 phosphorylation.
    MK2-IN-5
  • HY-N10009
    Cudraflavone B
    		Activator
    Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
    Cudraflavone B
  • HY-W711035
    Picolinafen
    		Activator
    Picolinafen is a pyridine-class herbicide that acts as a phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor. Picolinafen effectively controls broadleaf weeds and disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis. Picolinafen exhibits cytotoxicity to porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. Picolinafen induces (ROS accumulation, calcium depletion, and activates (MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, leading to decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, impaired migration, and altered expression of implantation-related genes. Picolinafen has an LD50 value of 2.7 mg/kg in mammals and 7 μg/L in fish. Picolinafen exhibits toxic effects during zebrafish embryogenesis[1][2].
    Picolinafen
  • HY-149496
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 2m) is a potent and orally active inhibitor against NO (IC50=7.70 μM) with no significant toxicity. Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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